Start Up? When to Outsource
A big decision for any start up business, whether it is related to order fulfillment or any other function, is deciding when to stop doing something yourself and to outsource.
A general rule of thumb for online retail start ups is to look to outsource when order volume reaches 15-20 orders per day. To be frank, it will be tough to get a fulfillment company to take you seriously as a startup so it is good to have some sales history or at least a solid business and go to market plan. The reason is fulfillment companies make their money on having a high volume of orders, and not by billing for storage. Most fulfillment companies will actually discourage customers from keeping “dead” storage in their warehouse because they want inventory spaces that turn over and generate more revenue that just what they can charge for storage each month.
The other thing fulfillment centers know is that start ups take as much if not more time to implement and service than established online retailers. That coupled with low order volume make starts ups not appealing to most fulfillment companies. That’s why I recommend coming armed with your business plan to get taken seriously. Every fulfillment company has experience with countless new businesses that plan to be big but that seldom actually happens quickly.
How to Compare Pricing
One of the challenges of evaluating the options for outsourcing your order fulfillment is making a true apples to apples comparison of rates from multiple fulfillment companies. Each company will likely present pricing in a way that represents how they prefer to bill for services and it will also likely be different than any other quotes you have received. In the end, typically the best way to deal with that is to work the various rates and charges into a per order cost.
When it comes down to it, order fulfillment costs are a function of labor, rent, and systems. At a high level, there are 3 general areas of cost involved with outsourcing order fulfillment.
- Order Fulfillment Labor: the time and cost involved in picking and packing the items on an order, as well as related receiving and administrative time spent on servicing your program
- Storage: the amount of space your products take up in the fulfillment center
- Materials: the cartons and other packaging material used to prepare an order for shipment
Some fulfillment companies will charge based on a cost as a percentage of sales, but most charge through a combination of per order costs plus storage and other variable costs for things like receiving, account management, cycling counting, etc.
A VERY general rule of thumb an online retailer could use would be to figure order fulfillment costs will run 3-5% of sales, with shipping costing an additional 5-7%.
A quick, easy way to get quotes from multiple fulfillment vendors is to go to www.ShipStarter.com.
Fulfillment Center Location
The closer your fulfillment center is to your customers the better. Clearly your shipping costs and delivery times will be minimized if this is the case. In theory then, why not store and ship product from points all over the country? The problem is maintaining duplicate or triplicate inventory is very expensive, so the real answer to whether or not it makes sense to operate out of multiple fulfillment locations is as much of a function of how many products you stock and the volume of orders you ship.
There are lots of studies on this available in supply chain magazines, but for a normal national distribution of orders here are 3 scenarios that describe the optimal network of shipping points.
For 1 location – Mid-Atlantic is the optimal location for a national program
For 2 locations – Mid-Atlantic and West (such as Reno, NV)
For 3 locations – Mid Atlantic, Memphis or Chicago, and West
Many fulfillment centers operate out of multiple locations and can provide a network to give you a presence around the country. It will really depend on the characteristics of your program to determine if it makes sense.
Shipping Options for Online Retailers
There actually may be more carrier options for shipping your customer orders than you realize. The good news is many options can lower shipping costs without sacrificing service. The only bad news is it can be a little messy doing the analysis to figure out the options and make a true assessment to come up with the optimal service/ cost balance.
Of course, the main players are FedEx, UPS, and the Post Office. Each of those carriers have several service options that, although they have different names, are generally all variations on the same service levels – Next Day, 2nd Day, Ground, etc.
A common question that does not have a simple answer is “What the cheapest way to ship my customer orders.” Given the options and complexity of how rates are calculated that is complicated. HOWEVER – here are some very general generalizations that are at least a starting point for an analysis you’d want to go through.
- If you are less concerned about trackability and super reliable service, the USPS will likely be your best option for residential deliveries at lower weights. If you have 3-4 lbs or less size shipments are often less the UPS/ FedEx Ground. This is especially true for under a pound shipments.
- People tend to remember their bad experiences, but FedEx and UPS largely offer the EXACT same service. They are both incredibly well run companies, even when their customer service may be horrible some times. The quality of your local service center can also affect your particular experience with either carrier, but the reality is it makes sense to go with the carrier who gives you the best price. It’s time to let go of the package that you remember UPS losing back in 2001. It was over 10 years ago and it was 1 of 1000’s you’ve sent. Besides, you may have “mis-remembered” and it was really FedEx.
If you decide to outsource order fulfillment your options may be a little more limited. Fulfillment centers will likely have a preferred carrier that you may or may not be required to use for shipping your packages. This typically means that they have better rates with one carrier and happen to favor the local UPS sales rep over the local FedEx sale rep, or vice versa. Most facilities however will allow you to ship on your own account whether it is UPS or FedEx, and in all likelihood have pickups and deliveries from both carriers every day, in addition of course to the USPS. If a fulfillment center requires you to use a certain carrier it likely is an indication they are making a margin on your shipping volume. Which, if it is a net savings to you then it’s not really a problem. Just like the costs for packing orders or storage or anything else, the costs of outsourcing order fulfillment need to be looked at in aggregate.
Adding complexity to shipping rates are the many surcharges that carriers will charge: Fuel Surcharges, Residential Delivery Surcharge, Extended Area Surcharge, HazMat Charges… it goes on and on. Make sure you know what you are shipping and any potential accessorial costs that you might incur.
A new trend in online retail is also shipping services like Amazon Prime and Shoprunner. With these services you basically pay a flat amount per year and you are able to get free or low cost upgraded shipping when you buy off of certain websites. The trend is creating a lot of pressure on online retailers to offer low cost or free shipping to be able to complete with the likes of Amazon.
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See Also:
Ecommerce Order Fulfillment Part 1 of 4
Ecommerce Order Fulfillment Part 3 of 4
Ecommerce Order Fulfillment Part 4 of 4
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